Smelt
Hypomesus pretiosus
Photo: Wikimedia Commons / CC License
Frequently Asked Questions About Smelt
What types of smelt are found in Northern California?
NorCal has three commonly targeted smelt species: Night Smelt (Spirinchus starksi, 5–7 inches, nocturnal beach spawner), Surf Smelt (Hypomesus pretiosus, 6–8 inches, beach spawner), and Jacksmelt (Atherinopsis californiensis, 10–14 inches, year-round bay and pier species). Each has different habits, habitats, and best fishing methods.
Do I need a fishing license to dip net smelt in California?
As of current regulations, a sport fishing license is not required to dip net smelt (surf smelt and night smelt) in California. However, regulations can change - always verify the current rule at wildlife.ca.gov before heading out. Hook-and-line fishing for smelt does require a license.
When is the best time to catch surf smelt in NorCal?
Surf smelt and night smelt spawning runs on NorCal gravel beaches typically occur from spring through fall, with peak activity May through August. Runs are triggered by specific wave and tide conditions - not perfectly predictable. Monitor CDFW's smelt webpage and local fishing reports for run conditions on specific beaches.
What is the best way to catch jacksmelt from a pier?
A light spinning rod with a small sabiki rig (size 6–8 hooks) or individual tiny hooks (#8–#10) baited with small pieces of squid or shrimp, fished near the surface (top 5–20 feet) along pier pilings, is highly effective for jacksmelt. They school near the surface and are generally cooperative when present.
Are smelt good to eat?
All NorCal smelt species are excellent table fish. Jacksmelt and surf smelt are particularly prized - their rich, oily flesh is delicious pan-fried, deep-fried, smoked, or pickled. Cook them fresh for best flavor. Pan-fry whole (head-on or off) in seasoned flour and butter for a classic NorCal coastal meal.
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